In this work, microbiological analyses were performed on non-alcoholic beverages of Brazilian and Bolivian brands. Off-flavor, clouding, and package stuffing are the only parameters producers have to detect spoilage when it is often too late for the brand's reputation. Soft drinks are food matrices propitious to the growth of acidophilic bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi due to their pH, water activity, and the presence of nutrients. aureus-derived MVs are selective, depend on the stage of growth, and may play an important role in toxicity. The expression pattern of inflammation-related genes in human adult low calcium high temperature (HaCaT) cells induced by MVs was different for each growth stage. Bifunctional autolysin, a protein involved in cell wall biosynthesis/degradation, was increased in MVs at 17 h. The amount of SEA in the culture supernatant and MVs were not correlated. MVs prepared after culture for 17 h maintained their particle size when stored at 23 ☌. The particle size of MVs did not change depending on the growth stage. Based on these gene expression patterns, MVs were prepared at 6, 17, and 24 h. aureus genes were examined at each growth stage phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) gene reached a maximum after 8 h, and the expression of cell membrane-related genes was decreased after 6 h. aureus SEA-producing strains were examined. In this study, the effects of the growth stage on quantitative and qualitative changes in the components contained in the MVs of S. Virulence factors, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), are contained within membrane vesicles (MVs) in the cell membrane of Staphylococcus aureus. aureus that has a significant public health impact in South Korea. This investigation provides useful information on foodborne pathogenic S. aureus exhibited diverse clonal lineages and no correlations were observed among the profiling of enterotoxin, MALDI-TOF MS, and RAPD. Molecular typing using both MALDI-TOF MS and RAPD indicated that S.
The distribution of enterotoxin genes encoded in isolates was sea (32.6%), sec (11.6%), seg (19%), sea & sec (2.1%), and sec & seg (34.7%). Ampicillin resistance was the most common at 90% and all strains were susceptible to vancomycin. Only two strains showed no drug resistance, whereas resistance to three or more antibiotics was observed in 87.4% of strains. aureus isolated from stool samples were collected from Busan, South Korea to characterize their antimicrobial susceptibility, enterotoxin genes, and molecular typing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has become a grave concern worldwide.